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Nicotine can affect immune cells and disrupt how the body regulates inflammation

Get Support from Family and Friends: Share your intentions to quit smoking with family, friends and your health care provider

However, a 2015 report by Public Health England encouraged the medical licensing of e-cigarettes in the UK as nicotine replacement therapy, stating that the use of vaping is 95% safer than smoking and can help people to quit smoking and reduce their cigarette consumption even among those not intending to quit and rejecting other support. And research from Frances Health Barometer, which conducted telephone interviews with over 15,000 people, found that e-cigs could have helped several hundreds of thousands quit smoking, at least temporarily

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To support this hypothesis, the time since cessation for former smokers who did receive an ICD-9 code would need to be examined