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Cox et al., 2019: non-randomized prospective study of 115 UK smokers

Researchers who combined data from more than 320,000 adults found that people who smoked 25 cigarettes daily had about a 50% higher risk of heart failure and a roughly 60% greater risk of death from any cause, compared with people who never smoked

Market adaptation includes menthol variants (pre-ban) and low-nicotine options for best cigarettes for beginners

Nicotine and cotinine in the cervical mucus of smokers, passive smokers, and nonsmokers

Our data supports other findings supporting the HSI as a valuable test for the assessment of nicotine dependence [1, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 16] and busy clinicians can use this test as an accurate screener of high nicotine dependence