Erichsen JM, Calva CB, Reagan LP, Fadel JR (2021) Physiology & Behavior Intranasal insulin and orexins to treat age-related cognitive decline
Fewer Side Effects Gentle, consistent dosing means smoother progress and less discomfort
Any cognitive benefits remain investigational and require further clinical study
A large retrospective cohort study revealed that T2DM patients treated with GLP-1RAs exhibited a significantly reduced risk of developing dementia compared with those receiving other glucose-lowering therapies.126 In a clinical trial involving cognitively intact individuals aged 4570 years at risk for AD, liraglutide administration for 12 weeks enhanced intrinsic connectivity within the default mode network as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, although no significant cognitive improvements were observed during the study period.127 In patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD, an 18-month course of exenatide was well tolerated but did not yield significant changes in clinical or cognitive outcomes or in most neuroimaging or biomarker assessments, except for a reduction in plasma neuronal extracellular vesicle A42 levels, potentially reflecting systemic neuronal status
Potential Research Applications: Soft tissue, muscle, and ligament repair Skin rejuvenation and wound healing models Inflammatory bowel and gut barrier integrity studies Anti-inflammatory and immune modulation research For laboratory research only
