The RCT data could be analyzed as an observational study of consumption choices, which could provide a better estimate of the real effect of the NRT, but this is rarely done, and it would still be a very small observational study with one more source of potential confounding than naturally occurs (the effect of whether someone is inclined to comply with their assignment)
Data from the What about YOUth
If you or someone you love has used an e-cigarette or other form of vaporizer and is experiencing: cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, fatigue, fever, or abdominal pain, the CDC recommends discussing these symptoms with a healthcare provider
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June 18, 1999