who owns american spirit tobacco Natural RYO, U.S.Grown From the history of cigarette

Another key difference is the tendency for dipping tobacco users to produce large amounts of saliva while using

Abbreviations AN: Alaskan native ApgS: APGAR score BC: Birth certificate BP: Blood pressure BW: Birth weight CBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy CD : Caesarean delivery CI: Confidence interval CO: Carbon monoxide reading Cr : Cross over RCT CR: Cotinine (urine or hair) reading CV: Cardiovascular D_Bl: Double-blind Dk: Denmark Eng: England ExS : Ex-smoker GA: Gestational age H: Hispanic L: Longitudinal LipTool: Lipsitz tool MA: Medicaid MF: Malformations MR: Medical records MS: Marital status MWR: Midwives records N/A: Not applicable Nap: Neonatal apnea NB : Not blinded NC: Nordic countries No: Norway NRT : Nicotine replacement therapy NSNNU: No smoking no nicotine use OR: Odds ratio PE: Preeclampsia Pl: Placebo PP: Planned pregnancy PPBMI: Pre-pregnancy body mass index Ps: Prospective PSS: Partners smoking status PT: Preterm delivery RCT: Randomized controlled trial RecNRT: Recommended to use NRT SB: Still birth SD: Standard deviation SES: Socioeconomic status SGA: Small for gestational age SI : Scientifically structured interviews SR: Self-report Sw: Sweden SWQ: Self-completed written questionnaire TSR: Telephone self-reports YrsEd: Years of education References Einarson A, Riordan S

Background Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States

The average nicotine content in one "dip" of snuff is approximately four times that of one cigarette

Lin, F., Wu, G., Zhu, L