Therefore, funding should be allocated/dedicated for future research on hookah, to examine its acute/long-term effects on the cardiovascular and other systems of both active and passive users, as well as provide mechanistic insights regarding its negative health effects
This conclusion is supported by chamber experiments, real-setting experiments, and observational studies in homes and convention centers
Alam M, Samad BA, Wardell J, Andersson E, Hoglund C, Nordlander R: Acute effects of smoking on diastolic function in healthy participants: studies by conventional doppler echocardiography and doppler tissue imaging
Prolonged exposure can increase the risk of long-term respiratory issues like recurring bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Material: Plastic sign with aluminum holder for durability