Disposable e-cigarette formats (7.2% CAGR) and refillable-disposable hybrids, emerging in response to single-use plastic bans, represent the highest-growth product format opportunities for manufacturers and brand investors
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It takes strong, independent, self-sufficient women to maintain households, families, and jobs on shore while husbands are at sea
most existing interventions for nicotine cessation are not accessible to youth
Figure 2 summarises the pathways through which socioeconomic status shapes structural and policy context, mediating mechanisms, vaping and smoking trajectories, and, ultimately, equity outcomes