Its experimental effects reflect combined actions on vascular regulation, inflammatory balance, cellular protection, and structural remodeling, collectively supporting tissue adaptation and recovery under stress conditions
Of these, 3,760 articles were excluded based on predefined eligibility criteria, leaving 65 full-text studies for further assessment
placebo users
5.1.15 Other topical agents Other topical agents including thiamidol, linoleic acid, phytic acid, yeast extract, mulberry extract, rucinol, undecylenoyl phenylalanine, and epidermal growth factors have been reported in previous studies as effective compounds in melasma management (Lee et al., 2002
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